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Exploitation of Tight and Unconventional Reservoirs
Course & Workshop
November 13-17, 2022
Instructor : A. SALEM, P. Eng., Ph.D.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
Reservoir Engineers, Exploration team members, Production Engineers, completion engineers, stimulation engineers, geologists, and all support staff who require a more extensive knowledge of unconventional resources.
Course Description
As we deplete conventional oil and gas reserves, “unconventional” energy resources are increasingly important to international energy supplies. Today, for example, coal beds, shales, and low-permeability (tight) sandstones, combined, account for more than 40% of the U.S. natural gas supply. Moreover, in 2006, U.S. production of coalbed methane, alone, exceeded trillion cubic ft (Tcf), which was 9.5% of the total dry gas production, and coalbed methane reserves were 19.9 Tcf, which was 9.8% of the total U.S. dry gas reserves. Internationally, there are tremendous heavy oil resources in Eastern Venezuela, Western Canada, and other areas, and we are just beginning to exploit these resources.
While resources of unconventional hydrocarbons are very large, economically recoverable volumes (reserves) are much smaller, because the greater costs and additional technology required for production. Many unconventional reservoirs have low matrix permeability, and natural fractures may be necessary for economic production rates. Therefore, optimal development of many unconventional reservoirs requires knowledge of the optimal completions and stimulation methods for low-permeability reservoirs, as well as understanding of the role of natural fractures in fluid flow. Thus, understanding of the geologic and engineering aspects of gas storage reservoirs is vital for optimum resource management.
The objectives of this course are to familiarize attendees with the unique aspects of unconventional gas and oil reservoirs, including their (1) economic significance (2) geologic occurrences, (3) controls on production, (4) drilling and completion practices, (5) reservoir management, and (6) present activity.
What To Learn
- Understand unconventional resource play completion options and selection processes
- Use key multi-disciplinary tools for successful completions and stimulation in unconventional resources
- Understand the importance of geo-mechanics and rock mechanics to the success of transverse multiple fractured horizontal wells in unconventional resources
- Apply principals and design of well stimulation treatments in unconventional resources
- Employ critical data needs and collection techniques with minimal operational impact
- How to produce the heavy oil and produce from oi land gas shale reservoir
Course Contents
Introduction to Unconventional Energy Resources
- What are unconventional resources?
- Where do they occur?
- Potential of the unconventional in North America and worldwide
- Economic significance of each
- Technical, economic, political, and
- Environmental constraints on development
Low-permeability (Tight) Sands
- Background and history
- Extend of potential reserves of tight sands.
- Geological description
- Occurrences, resources, reservoir characteristics
- Drilling and completion methods
- Facilities, reservoir management, and
- Limitations on development, present activity
- Exploitation of tight sands; primary and secondary
Coalbed Methane (CBM)
- Occurrences, resources, reservoir characteristics
- Drilling and completion methods
- Factors that affect the commerciality of CBM
- Methods to estimate gas content and reserves
- Laboratory tests to estimate total organic content (TOC) and maturity
- Production mechanism and well productivity estimate
- Facilities, reservoir management
- Uncertainties of formation evaluation
- Limitations on development, present activity
- Water and environmental issues
- Class problem example
Shale Reservoirs (Gas and Oil)
- Background and history
- Shale gas formation characteristics/description.
- Shale maturity and methods to determine type of hydrocarbon potential
- Occurrences, resources, reservoir characteristics
- Drilling and completion methods
- Typical well production profile
- Pyrolysis analysis of Kerogen
- Facilities, reservoir management, and
- Limitations on development, present activity
- Water and environmental issues
- Shale oil vs Oil Shale! (production mechanism)
Heavy Oil
- Occurrences, resources, reservoir characteristics
- Drilling and completion methods
- Facilities, reservoir management, and
- Limitations on development, present activity
- Environmental issues
Gas Hydrates
- Occurrences, resources, reservoir characteristics
- Recovery methods
- Limitations on development, present activity
- Environmental issues
Other Unconventional Energy Resources
- Geothermal Energy
- Coal – Conversion to Gas
- Coal-to-gas
- In-situ gasification
Multi-stage Fracture of Horizontal Wells (MFHW’s):
- Benefits/applications of horizontal wells
- Review of the technique of MFHW’s and frac design optimization including:
- Horizontal well spacing
- Frac size and the number of frac stages
- Open hole vs. cased hole completion/fracturing
- Taking advantage of the sweet spots – quantifying
- Modeling frac geometry and dual porosity
- Case studies
Applications of Mini Frac or DFIT:
- Benefits/applications of Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT)
- Pre and post closure analysis
- Identification of leak-off types and fracture characteristics
- Case studies
Evaluation tools of tight sands/unconventional vs conventional reservoirs:
- Review basic concepts of reservoir evaluation, such as flow geometry and boundary conditions.
- Review of the principles and applications of the well test analysis techniques for conventional and tight sands
- Natural fracture Network evaluation in tight and carbonate reservoirs
- Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) tools (Type curve matching, flowing material balance, Normalized rate, etc..)
- Case studies
Tipson Hydraulic Fracturing:
- Well fracability, and rock geo-mechanical parameters
- Frac stages: spearhead, frac pad, proppant, frac flush
- Flow-back and draw-down limits (case study)
- Hybrid frac and zipper frac
- Frac divertors and frac hits
- Frac hydration and refract techniques
Reserves Determination:
- Volumetric, material balance, and probabilistic methods(class example)
- Use of Arps and advanced type curve analysis for tight formations
- The use of flowing material balance technique
- The use of“Well Typing” and statistical analysis to evaluate uncertainties, and to generate P90, P50, and P10 production forecasts and reserves.
- Use of new numerical techniques to estimate Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) and Contacted Reservoir Volume (CRV), commonly used for reserves booking of tight sands and unconventional formation
- Case studies
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) fortight sand and Unconventional:
- Common techniques used for EOR for the Unconventional
- Challenges in the EOR for the Unconventional
- Techniques used to reduce water/gas breakthrough
- Review of waterflood application for tight sands using MFHW’s
- Application of CO2Huff-n-Puff process
LOCATION
The first day will be held at the Holiday Inn Hotel in Cairo. The participants will fly the second day to Hurghada to continue the course and return to Cairo on last day afternoon.
COURSE FEES
Inclusive of refreshment and lunch at the Holiday Inn Maadi Hotel. Air Ticket Cairo/Hurghada return and all inclusive accommodation.
INSTRUCTOR PROFILE
Dr. Adel M. Salem Ragab, Consultant Petroleum Engineer
Education
Academic Experience:
Research Interest:
- Nanotechnology Application for EOR/IOR
- Nanomaterials for Enhancing Mud Properties
Radial Drilling
- Multiphase Flow Simulation in Pipes and Separation Devices,
- Well Performance and Production Optimization,
- Formation Damage and Remediation.
- NMR Characterization of Porous Media
Research Grants
- Project Title: Application of Nanotechnology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Egyptian Oil Fields.
Date: Feb. 2013 to June 2013.Experimental work to investigate the applications of several Nano-materials in
EOR/IOR for Egyptian Oil Fields.Sponsored by: AUC and different Egyptian Oil Companies.
- Project title: Flow Assurance Analysis of Matzen Field – Vienna -Austria
Date: Dec. 2006 to Dec. 2008. - Staring Project ROHOL, Austria about Simulation of Paraffin Deposition and Precipitation in Wellbores, the university team work is consisting of in addition to Dr. Adel Salem Ragab, Prof. W. Brandst?tter and Prof. H. Hoffst?tter.
Dr. Ragab submitted the first technical report about the Paraffin deposition in the wellbores, chemistry, causes, removal techniques, and simulation technique to simulate this phenomena under title:
1. Adel Ragab, “Numerical Simulation of Paraffin Deposition in Wellbores” January 2009
Achievements
- Introduce a new technique to model crude oil production flowing in hilly terrain pipeline.
- Development of Volume of Fluid-FLUENT CFD Technique to model crude oil multiphase flow production.
- Develop and published a new correlation between slug and mixture velocity of multiphase flow in production and transportation pipelines. Development of NMR to characterize reservoir porous media.
- A contribution of characterization of formation damage in an oil field of western desert- Egypt.
- Creating a numerical CFD-Flow pattern diagram for horizontal and inclined pipe flow.
Publications: A) Papers in Refereed Journals (RJ Papers)
M. Salem Ragab : “Mitigation of Formation Damage by Designing a Novel Nanoparticles Mud,” Oil Gas European Magazine, page 104 – 109, Volume 40 (2), 2014.
Adel M. Salem Ragab, and Ahmed Noah: Reduction of Formation Damage and Fluid Loss using Nano-sized Silica Drilling Fluids,” Publish on Petroleum Technology Development Journal, (ISSN 1595-9104): An International Journal; Vol. 4 No. 2, July 2014.
Adel M. Salem Ragab, and Ahmed E. Hannora: “Nanotechnology Potentials for Improved Oil Recovery: Preparation by High Energy Ball Milling and Experimental Work,” Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering (JPME) Vol. 16 (1), June 2014.
El-Abbas Moustafa, Ahmed Noah, and Adel (M.) Salem (Ragab): “Evaluation and Analysis of Oil Shale in Quseir-Safaga and Abu-Tartur Western Desert, Egypt,” Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, April 16, 2014,Vol. 4 No.2, PP. 53-66.
Adel M. Salem Ragab and Shedid A. Shedid: “Investigation of Inflow Performance Relationship in Gas Reservoirs for Vertical and Horizontal Wells,” Petroleum Technology Development Journal (ISSN 1595-9104): An International Journal; Vol. 3 No.2, pp. 17-35, July 2013.
Amr M. Kamel, Adel M. Salem Ragab, Hamid Khattab, and Mohamed Shehata Farahat: “Production Development of Depleted Reservoirs using Radial DrillingTechnology in Egypt” Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering (JPME) Vol. 16 (1), June 2013.
Adel M. Salem (Ragab), A. E. Abass, and A. Elnaggar : “Geological and Petrophysical Studies of Kareem Formation, Ashrafi Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt,” Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering (JPME) Vol. 16 (1), June 2013, 39-56
Adel M. Salem Ragab: “Improving Well Productivity in an Egyptian Oil Field using Radial Drilling Technique,” Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, DOI 10.5897/JPGE2013.0153, Vol. 4(5), pp. 103-117, May, 2013.
Adel M. Salem (Ragab) and Shedid A. Shedid: “Variation of Petrophysical Properties due to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Storage in Carbonate Reservoirs” Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, DOI 10.5897/JPGE2013.0152, Vol. 4(4), pp. 91-102, April, 2013.
Adel (M. Salem) Ragab, W. Brand st?tter and S. Shalaby: “Numerical Simulation of Slug Flow Phenomena in Horizontal and Inclined Pipelines,” Oil and Gas European Magazine (International Edition of Erd?l Erdgas Kohle), Pages 194-199, Volume 34, Issue 4/2008, December 2008.
Adel (M. Salem) Ragab, W. Brandst?tter and S. Shalaby: “CFD-Simulation of Multiphase Flows in Horizontal and Inclined Pipelines,” Oil and Gas European Magazine, Oil Gas European Magazine (International Edition of Erd?l Erdgas Kohle), Pages 34-40, Volume 34, March 1/2008.
A. Salem (Adel M. Salem Ragab) and A. A. Ibrahim: “Evaluation of Formation Damage Caused by Completion Fluids in Bahariyia Formation, Western Desert, Egypt,” Journal of Petroleum and Mining Eng. (JPME), Vol. 2 No. 2, Dec. 1999, 39-57.
Publications: B) Invited Speechs
Egypt Oil and Gas 2015 SUMMIT: “Nanotechnology Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)- Future Challenges in Egypt” 18-19 Feb.2015, Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza, Egypt. http://www.egyptsummit.com/
SPE Applied Technology Workshop: EOR: Plugging the Gap between Production and Consumption, 11 – 12 June 2013. Cairo, Egypt, Title: “Applications of Nanotechnology in the Oil & Gas Industry” D_2: Conference Presentation
Adel M. Salem Ragab : ” Innovative Drilling Fluid Design Using Nano Materials”presented at MOC 2016- 8th Mediterranean Offshore Conference & Exhibition. Egypt, 19-21 April 2016.
Adel M. Salem Ragab : “Unlocking Reservoir Potential using Robust Hybrid Nanoparticles Designed for Future Enhanced Oil Recovery” presented at MOC 2016-8th Mediterranean Offshore Conference & Exhibition. Egypt, 19-21 April 2016.
Adel M. Salem Ragab and Ahmed E. Hannora: “A Comparative Investigation of Nano Particle Effects for Improved Oil Recovery – Experimental Work” SPE-175395-MS, will be presented at the SPE Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference held in Mishref, Kuwait, 11-14 October 2015.
Adel M. Salem Ragab and M. Fouad Snosy : “The Effect of Ultrasonic Waves of EOR on the Relative Permeability Curves” SPE-175410-MS, will be presented at the SPE Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference held in Mishref, Kuwait, 11-14 October 2015
Adel M. Salem Ragab and Ahmed E. Hannora: “An Experimental Investigation of Silica Nano Particles for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications” SPE – 175829-MS, presented at the SPE North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Cairo, Egypt, 14-16 September 2015.
Adel M. Salem Ragab: “Experimental Investigation of Improved Oil Recovery using Nanotechnology Potentials,” presented at the First International Conference On” Nanotechnology &Its Applications ” (ICNA ( I ) – 2014) 25 – 28 February 2014 (Qena – Luxor) – Egypt.
Adel M. Salem Ragab: “Mitigation of Formation Damage by Designing a Novel Nanoparticles Muds,” presented at the First InternationalConference On” Nanotechnology &Its Applications ” (ICNA ( I ) – 2014) 25 – 28 February 2014 (Qena – Luxor) – Egypt.
Adel M. Salem Ragab and Amr Kamel: “Radial Drilling Technique for Improving Well Productivity in Petrobel-Egypt,” SPE Paper 164773-MS, This paper was prepared for presentation at the North Africa Technical Conference & Exhibition held in Cairo, Egypt, 15-17 April 2013.
Shedid A. Shedid, and Adel M. Salem (Ragab) : “Experimental Investigationsof CO2 Solubility and Variations in Petrophysical Properties due to CO2 Storage in Carbonate Reservoir Rocks,” SPE Paper 16463-MS, This paper was prepared for presentation at the North Africa Technical Conference & Exhibition held in Cairo, Egypt, 15-17 April 2013.
Adel M. Salem Ragab and Abdel Rahman El-Diasty : “Applications of Nanotechnology in the Oil & Gas Industry: Latest Trends Worldwide & Future Challenges in Egypt,” SPE paper 164716-MS, This paper was prepared for presentation at the North Africa Technical Conference & Exhibition held in Cairo, Egypt, 15-17 April 2013.
Adel (M. Salem) Ragab, W. Brandst?tter, G. Ruthammer and S. Shalaby: “CFD- Analysis of Terrain-Induced Slug Flow Regimes in Multiphase Pipeline Systems,” Presented at the 6th International Conference on CFD in Oil & Gas, Metallurgical and Process Industries, SINTEF/NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, 10-12 June, 2008.
Adel (M. Salem) Ragab, W. Brandst?tter and S. Shalaby: “Multiphase Flows in Horizontal and Inclined Pipelines by CFD Simulations,” Presented at the 5th Mediterranean Offshore Conference and Exhibition 2008 (MOC2008), Alexandria, Egypt, 20-22 May 2008.
Adel (M. Salem) Ragab, W. Brandst?tter and S. Shalaby: “Modeling of Two-Phase Flow and Slug Flow Characteristics in Horizontal/Inclined Pipelines using CFD,” Presented at SPE Romanian Conference-150 Years of the Romanian Petroleum Industry, Tradition & Challenges, held in Athénée Hilton Hotel – Bucharest 14-17 Oct. 2007. (http://romania.spe.org).
A. (Adel M.)Salem (Ragab), A. A. Ibrahim, A. M. Attia, and E. D. Elayouty: “Mechanisms of Formation Damage and Permeability Impairment Associated with the Completion Fluids in Bahariya Formation,”Presented at the 6th International Conference on Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgy (MPM), Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Feb. 20-24, 1999.
“Comparative Investigation of Factors Affecting Formation Damage Caused by Completion and Workover Fluids,” M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Suez Canal University, Suez, Feb. 1999.
